Configure Swagger in ASP.NET Core Web API

When developing an Application Programming Interface ( API ) for your application it's important to ensure you provide clear and concise information for developers who you intend to use your API.

This helps them to get up to speed and reduce the learning curve for them to start using and integrating your API into their applications. The primary objective is to remove friction to improve the chances of adoption for your API.

One of the best approaches to this is to develop your documentation as you develop your code. This not only enables you to keep your documentation clear and up to date, but it also ensures you clearly focus on the intent of your code.

Swagger framework of API developer tools for the OpenAPI Specification(OAS), enabling development across the entire API life-cycle, from design and documentation, to test and deployment. Swagger provides an UI representation of your RESTful API. Enabling users to visualize and interact with the APIâ€™s resources having none of the implementation logic in place.

To illustrate this approach I'll use a sample of a project where we have started to implement this approach.

Developing API for other developers and integrator's to use , you will need to ensure that you supply clear and easy to understand documentation. Documenting or describing your REST API's doesn't have to a boring chore , in fact using a framework like swagger makes it really easy.

Stop Web Crawlers update API
https://github.com/threenine/Stop-Web-Crawlers-API
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What is Swagger

Swagger is an Open Source API Specification Framework, enabling interactive documentation and SDK generation over your Existing REST API.

In this guide I will provide a working example of how to use swagger to start documenting an API. I'll be starting a brand new development project.

We'll start off creating a standard DotNet Core Web API project using one of the quick start templates , Create a .net core web application on ubuntu in 5 minutes , as you might guess I am using Ubuntu as my primary development workstation, but the general process of creating a project is the same regardless of operating system.

After creating the project give it a quick test to ensure that all is working as expected.

dotnet restore 
dotnet build  
dotnet run

We can now browse to the api http://localhost:5000/api/values

Our new very simple API is working!

Information

Dotnet Core CLI to manage package and project references

Install nswag nuget package

NSwag is a Swagger/OpenAPI 2.0 and 3.0 toolchain for .NET, .NET Core, Web API, ASP.NET Core, TypeScript (jQuery, AngularJS, Angular 2+, Aurelia, KnockoutJS and more) and other platforms, written in C#. TheÂ OpenAPI/Swagger specificationÂ uses JSON and JSON Schema to describe a RESTful web API.

The NSwag project provides tools to generate OpenAPI specifications from existing ASP.NET Web API controllers and client code from these OpenAPI specifications.

https://github.com/RicoSuter/NSwag

dotnet add package NSwag.AspNetCore --version 13.6.2

Once complete we can update our StartUp.cs class with the following code.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection.Metadata;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using NSwag;

namespace swcApi
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddOpenApiDocument();
            services.AddControllers();
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            // Register the Swagger generator and the Swagger UI middleware
            app.UseSwaggerUi3();

            app.UseOpenApi(settings =>
            {
                settings.PostProcess = (document, request) =>
                {
                    document.Info.Version = "v1";
                    document.Info.Title = "Stop Web Crawlers API";
                    document.Info.Description =
                        "Stop Web Crawlers Update API to enable the update of Referer Spammer Lists";
                    document.Info.TermsOfService = "Coming Soon";
                    document.Info.Contact = new OpenApiContact
                        {Name = "threenine.co.uk", Email = "support@threenine.co.uk", Url = "https://threenine.co.uk"};
                    
                };
            });
            app.UseHttpsRedirection();

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseAuthorization();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => { endpoints.MapControllers(); });
        }
    }
}

This may be bit of a personal preference, but I like to update my launchSettings.json file automatically display the Swagger page when we start the API in development, so we can display our End Points so we can easily test them.

 "swcApi": {
      "commandName": "Project",
      "launchBrowser": true,
      "launchUrl": "swagger",
      "applicationUrl": "https://localhost:5001;http://localhost:5000",
      "environmentVariables": {
        "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
      }
    }

We can now build and start our API again

dotnet restore
dotnet build 
dotnet run

If we now navigate our browser to http://localhost:5000 we'll now see the Swagger Ui which is handy for testing your methods and checking their correct responses without needing tools like Postman etc.

Using Visual Studio we can do this by right clicking on the API Project File and selecting Properties then Select the Build tab

Using VS Code we will need to edit and add some additional lines to our .csproj file.

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.1</TargetFramework>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\Api.Database.Postgre\Api.Database.Postgre.csproj" />
    <ProjectReference Include="..\Swc.Service\Swc.Service.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="3.1.6" />
  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design" Version="3.1.6">
    <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
  </PackageReference>
    <PackageReference Include="NSwag.AspNetCore" Version="13.2.2" />
  </ItemGroup>

</Project>

Annotate Controller Methods

This is an important step when documenting your API. All your publicly accessible methods will require annotation in order for the documentation to generate. If you fail to annotate your public methods, this may result in an error page being generated, which to be honest can be quite confusing and cryptic.

Essentially what this error page attempts to tell you is that, Swagger detected some public methods, but wasn't sure if they were API methods so just fell over in a heap.

We should annotate our public controller methods and while we're at it add some additional XML Comments to provide further detail as to what our API delivers.

In this example I have just decorated the simple controller with some example documentation for illustrative purposes.

[Route("[controller]")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
    [HttpGet("[action]")] 
    public IEnumerable Get() 
    { 
       return new string[] { "value1", "value2" }; 
    } 
        

    [HttpGet("[action] {id}")] 
    public string Get(int id) 
    { 
      return "value"; 
    }
}

When we review our swagger documentation we'll now see our additional comments appear.

There may be occasion when you would like to provide further information as to the inner workings of the API. This can be achieved by using the additional Remarks
This content can be further enhanced with some additional text or even adding additional JSON or XML for further details.

/// <summary>
        ///  Returns a collection of values
        /// </summary>
        ///<remarks>
        /// This is a remark to add additional information about this method
        ///  GET /get
        /// {
        ///    "value1", 
        ///    "value2"
        /// }
        ///</remarks>
        [HttpGet("[action]")]
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
        }

This information will now be displayed as follows

Summary

Swagger is a great tool to document and test your RESTFul APIs. Taking the time to integrate, provides benefits to you and your team by creating a simple UI to list all your APIs actions and provide details about the request and response object for each API action.

Integration with ASP.NET Core 2.0 is straight forward and requires minimal efforts. Swagger also offers various customization to suit your needs. In a future post i will provide details how to customise the swagger UI to implement your branding etc.

About
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Gary Woodfine

Technical Director at threenine.co.uk

Gary is Technical Director at threenine.co.uk, an independent software vendor specialising in IoT, Field Service and associated managed services,enabling customers to be efficient, productive, secure and scale-able.